Sepsis Infectious Disease Outbreak Worldwide: Causes, Sources, Symptoms and Prevention Measures

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What is Sepsis?

Sepsis also called septicemia arises when the body’s response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It may lead to shock, multi-organ failure, and death – especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Sepsis is the final common pathway to death from most infectious diseases. Sepsis is also your body’s life-threatening response to an infection.

Sources of Sepsis

The most common sources of sepsis include:

Meningitis
Skin or soft tissue infection
Catheter-related infection
Urinary tract infection
Pneumonia
Bloodstream infection
Abdominal infections e.g. appendicitis, infectious diarrhea, gallbladder infection etc.

Symptoms of Sepsis

These symptoms might indicate sepsis

Slurred speech or confusion
Extreme shivering or muscle pain/fever
Passing no urine all day
Severe breathlessness
It feels like you’re going to die
Skin mottled or discoloured
Temperature – higher or lower than normal

Global Health Crisis of Sepsis

According to world sepsis day:

27, 000, 000 – 30, 000, 000 people per year develop sepsis
7, 000, 000 – 9, 000, 000 die – 1 death every 3.5 seconds
Survivors may face lifelong consequences
World sepsis day is every September 13th.
258,000 Americans die from sepsis each year
Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease and cancer
5+ million children worldwide die from sepsis each year
6 million cases of sepsis in the U>S every year
55% of Americans have ever heard of the word ‘Sepsis’

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Steps or Stages of Sepsis

Temperature – greater than 100.4F or less than 96.8F
RR is greater than 20 and HR is greater than 90
WBC (White Blood Cell) is greater than 12,000 or less than 4,000

Range of people that can get sepsis

Everybody can get sepsis – certain people are at even higher risk

Children under 1
Adults over 60 years
People with no spleen
People with chronic diseases e.g. lung, liver, heart
People with weakened immune systems e.g. AIDS, diabetes

Prevention of Sepsis

Prevention and early treatment could save thousands of lives.

Good hand hygiene saves lives: Around 10 – 20% of all sepsis cases at hospitals are caused by poor hygiene both by visitors and hospital staff. Therefore, proper hand hygiene can prevent sepsis
Vaccinations protect you and others: Vaccinations reduce the risk of infections such as pneumonia. People without a spleen, children and older people are particularly susceptible to infections.
Sepsis is usually easy to treat if it is detected early